Who Was Moses’ Brother?
In the biblical narrative, Aaron is identified as the brother of Moses. His life and role are woven deeply into the story of Israel’s deliverance from Egypt, and he stands as one of the most prominent figures in the Old Testament. Understanding who Aaron was provides valuable insight into the leadership structure God established during the Exodus and the formation of Israel as a nation.
Aaron’s Identity and Family Background
Aaron was the eldest son of Amram and Jochebed, born into the tribe of Levi. He was the older brother of both Moses and their sister Miriam (Exodus 6:20; 1 Chronicles 6:1–3). His age is given in Scripture: Aaron was three years older than Moses (Exodus 7:7).
Growing up during the harsh oppression of the Israelites in Egypt, Aaron’s early years were shaped by the same environment of suffering and forced labor that affected all Hebrew families. Yet later, God would appoint him to a crucial leadership role during one of the most significant moments in biblical history.
Aaron as Moses’ Spokesman
When Moses hesitated at God’s call because he felt inadequate in speech, God appointed Aaron to act as his spokesman (Exodus 4:14–16). Aaron’s role was to communicate God’s messages to Pharaoh and to the people of Israel. This partnership combined Moses’ leadership with Aaron’s eloquence and public presence.
Together, they confronted Pharaoh, delivered divine warnings, and demonstrated God’s power through the signs and plagues.
Aaron’s Role in the Exodus
Throughout the Exodus, Aaron was Moses’ close partner:
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He spoke on Moses’ behalf before Pharaoh.
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He stretched out his staff to initiate some of the plagues (e.g., Exodus 7:19–20; 8:5–6).
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He helped lead the people out of Egypt and into the wilderness.
Aaron’s leadership, however, was not without flaws. When the people grew impatient during Moses’ absence on Mount Sinai, Aaron oversaw the creation of the golden calf, a serious act of disobedience (Exodus 32). Nevertheless, God continued to use him in a significant way afterward.
Aaron: The First High Priest
One of Aaron’s greatest roles was being appointed the first High Priest of Israel. Through him, the priesthood was established:
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He and his sons—Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar—were consecrated for service (Leviticus 8–9).
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Aaron served as the mediator between God and the Israelites.
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He offered sacrifices for atonement and oversaw the sacred responsibilities of the tabernacle.
This priestly line continued through his descendants and shaped Israel’s worship for generations.
Aaron’s Death
Aaron died in the wilderness at Mount Hor during Israel’s journey toward the Promised Land (Numbers 20:22–29). His priestly garments were passed to his son Eleazar, symbolizing the continuation of the Aaronic priesthood.
Conclusion
Aaron, the brother of Moses, was far more than a supporting character in the Exodus story. He was:
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Moses’ older brother
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God-appointed spokesman
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A key leader during the Exodus
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Israel’s first High Priest
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A foundational figure in Israel’s spiritual history
His life reflects both human weakness and divine calling, showing how God equips individuals to fulfill vital roles in His plan.