Who Pursued Israel?
The dramatic escape of Israel from Egypt forms one of the most pivotal moments in biblical history. After centuries of oppression, Israel marched out of Egypt under God’s direction. Yet their journey toward freedom was immediately threatened when a powerful force pursued them. Understanding who pursued Israel sheds light on the political, military, and spiritual tension behind the Exodus story.
1. Pharaoh—the Supreme Pursuer
Pharaoh’s Change of Heart
Though Pharaoh had previously commanded Israel to leave after the death of Egypt’s firstborn (Exodus 12:31–32), he soon regretted the decision. When reports reached him that the Israelites were not returning and had fully departed, Pharaoh and his officials declared:
“What have we done? We have let the Israelites go and have lost their services!” (Exodus 14:5)
Motivated by regret, pride, and a desire to maintain his dominance, Pharaoh personally led the pursuit. His involvement underscores the seriousness of Egypt’s attempt to bring Israel back.
2. The Egyptian Army
Pharaoh did not pursue Israel alone. Scripture emphasizes the might of the force sent after them.
a. Chariots—The Backbone of Egyptian Military Strength
Egypt’s army included:
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600 choice chariots (elite, best-equipped)
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All the other chariots of Egypt
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Commanders over each of them (Exodus 14:7)
Chariots were the most advanced military technology of the ancient world. Fast and powerful, they symbolized Egypt’s unmatched strength.
b. Horsemen and Cavalry
Along with chariots came horsemen, skilled riders used for speed, scouting, and rapid attack.
c. Infantry and Armed Troops
The Bible also refers to “his army” and “all Pharaoh’s horses” (Exodus 14:9). This included foot soldiers who supported chariots, forming a complete military force.
3. The Pursuing Force in Summary
The pursuing group was not a small detachment but the full military power of Egypt, consisting of:
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Pharaoh himself
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His elite officers
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600 elite chariots
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All remaining Egyptian chariots
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Horsemen
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Infantry soldiers
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A vast army mobilized for battle
This overwhelming pursuit was designed to intimidate, recapture, or destroy Israel.
4. Why the Pursuit Happened
Several factors contributed to Egypt’s decision to chase Israel:
a. Economic Loss
Israel had been Egypt’s labor force for generations. Their departure threatened Egypt’s economy.
b. Pride and Political Control
Pharaoh’s authority had been repeatedly challenged by the plagues. Allowing Israel to leave freely was seen as a sign of weakness.
c. Divine Purposes
According to the biblical narrative, God allowed the pursuit so that His power would be displayed one final time (Exodus 14:4).
5. The Outcome of the Pursuit
The Egyptian army caught up with Israel at the Red Sea, trapping them between sea and soldiers. It appeared hopeless—until God miraculously parted the waters. When Egypt attempted to follow, the sea returned, and the entire pursuing army was destroyed (Exodus 14:26–28).
Conclusion
Who pursued Israel?
The answer is powerful and comprehensive: Pharaoh, supported by the full military might of Egypt—its chariots, officers, horsemen, and army.
Their pursuit transformed the escape from Egypt into one of history’s most dramatic confrontations, ultimately showcasing God’s protection and power on behalf of His people.