Pharaoh’s Response on Knowing the LORD
In the biblical narrative of Exodus, Pharaoh’s interaction with Moses and Aaron provides a vivid depiction of human arrogance, spiritual blindness, and resistance to divine authority. A critical moment in these interactions is Pharaoh’s statement about knowing the LORD, which reveals both his understanding and misunderstanding of God.
Context of the Statement
Moses, following God’s command, approached Pharaoh to demand the release of the Israelites from bondage in Egypt. God had sent Moses to deliver this message, emphasizing His identity and power. Moses’ words were clear: the God of Israel, the LORD, had sent him, and Pharaoh was to let the Israelites go so that they might worship Him.
Pharaoh, however, responded with skepticism and arrogance. He questioned the authority and knowledge of the LORD, effectively denying recognition of God’s supremacy. The critical point is found in his words:
“Who is the LORD, that I should obey His voice to let Israel go?” (Exodus 5:2, NIV)
This question highlights Pharaoh’s attitude toward God. He does not acknowledge the LORD’s authority or existence in practical terms. Instead, he frames the relationship as optional—something to consider if it serves his interests. Pharaoh’s words reveal several layers of meaning:
1. Denial of God’s Sovereignty
Pharaoh’s question indicates a refusal to acknowledge God’s sovereignty. By asking “Who is the LORD?” he positions himself as a figure of supreme authority, questioning whether any higher power could dictate his actions. In essence, Pharaoh is saying that no deity, including the God of Israel, has the right to command him.
2. Spiritual Blindness and Arrogance
Pharaoh’s statement shows spiritual blindness. Despite witnessing signs and hearing of God’s power, he refuses to recognize it. His focus remains on his own kingdom, power, and pride rather than the moral and spiritual reality presented by Moses. This arrogance is a recurring theme in Exodus, as Pharaoh continually hardens his heart despite the plagues and miraculous signs.
3. Relational Misunderstanding of the LORD
Pharaoh’s question reflects a misunderstanding of the relational nature of God. The LORD is not simply a distant force but a personal God who desires obedience, worship, and relationship. Pharaoh treats God as a theoretical concept rather than an active, relational being who intervenes in history. His ignorance is not only intellectual but also relational—he does not see himself accountable to God.
4. Foreshadowing of Divine Judgment
The statement “Who is the LORD?” also foreshadows the coming plagues and God’s judgment on Egypt. By dismissing God’s authority, Pharaoh sets the stage for a dramatic demonstration of divine power. The repeated rejection of the LORD underscores the severity of human resistance when confronted with divine authority.
5. Contrast with Israel’s Faith
Pharaoh’s response starkly contrasts with the faith of the Israelites, who had begun to recognize God’s power through Moses and Aaron. While Pharaoh questions, the Israelites are learning to trust and obey. This contrast emphasizes the biblical theme of divine recognition and human response—those who acknowledge God experience liberation, while those who reject Him face consequences.
Conclusion
Pharaoh’s words, “Who is the LORD?” reveal a combination of arrogance, ignorance, and spiritual blindness. He refuses to recognize God’s sovereignty, misunderstands the relational nature of the LORD, and prioritizes his own authority over divine command. His response serves as a warning of the dangers of pride and the failure to acknowledge God, setting the stage for the dramatic events of the Exodus.
Ultimately, Pharaoh’s question is not just a historical remark—it challenges readers to consider their own recognition of God and willingness to submit to His authority. In contrast to Pharaoh’s defiance, the narrative invites an understanding of the LORD as a personal, sovereign, and righteous God whose commands carry eternal significance.